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The role of histamine in mental illness and reduce the vitamin C of - Part I
Thesis in fulfillment. Part of the Ph.D. program. Philosophy.
Clayton College of Natural Health.
Birmingham, Alabama 2005th
Abstract
The prevalence mental illness in the U.S. are increasingly being recognized. Disease outbreaks are many ways in dealing with mental disorders, including psychotherapy and medication. However, both have their treatment. Restrictions and drug addiction can be very dangerous side effects. Natural treatment has few side effects than conventional Drugs, although they have been used in traditional. Treat certain mental disorders. Vitamin C is toxic, stable and easy in theory, the majority to allow the mental illness. Vitamin C is both soft and stimulating properties, have potential. Antihistamine. Histamine level with anxiety and depression and higher By histamine has been shown to decrease significantly with fact, megadoses of vitamin C, vitamin C was. Shown as a mild sedative and anxiolytic properties and act the mild stimulant from the promotion of its cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by inhibition of enzymes. degrades cAMP-phosphodiesterase. Vitamin C is also involved in the production of Norepinephrine. This hormone is critical for mental health
Vitamin C is known as an important nutrient for the right brain. In addition, the treatment of histamine levels in the monitoring of vitamin C modulates dopamine levels, high levels of dopamine with psychosis. Vitamin C also helps increase the level. Oxytocin, which is involved in the health and well-being. Vitamin C prevents nerve damage, often by the properties of antioxidants. Vitamin C inhibits the release of chronic stress hormone Cortisol. High are associated with depression. High blood levels of vitamin C is associated with a significant decrease in mortality. No substantiated evidence to DNA mutations Vitamin C is triggered low-grade steel, vitamin B - 12 or the absence of uric acid structure, most animals synthesize their own vitamin C and animal weight corresponds to the human production. About a dozen grams of vitamin C daily. This fact adds weight to the theory that man. Mega dose vitamin C, especially if they have a mental Disease have.
Index.
Chapter. 1: Introduction to the problem or issue. ......................................... ...... 2.
Of the problem or issue. ............................................ .......................... 2.
History and ............................................... .......................................... 5.
Questions. ................................................ ............................................... 8.
Assumptions ................................................. .................................................. ............. 9.
The importance of education. ............................................. ................................... 9.
Definition of terms. ............................................... .................................................. 0.9.
Summary ................................................. .................................................. .............. 12.
In Chapter 2 the relevant Literature and research. ................................ 14.
Introduction ................................................. .................................................. .......... 14.
................................................ Review. .................................................. 29.
Summary. ................................................. .................................................. .............. 41.
Chapter. 4: Results Results ............................................ ........................... 45.
Editorial ................................................. .................................................. .......... 45.
Results ................................................. .................................................. ............... 45.
Summary ................................................. .................................................. ............. 48.
Chapter 5: Conclusion affected.
And suggestions for further research. ............................................. ... 52.
Conclusions and implications. ............................................... ............................ 52.
Suggestions for further research. .............................................. .......... 55.
Summary ................................................. .................................................. ............. 58.
Quote reference ................................................ .................................................. 61.
List the tables. illustrations and other graphics.
A short and meaningful. ............................................... ... .......................... 10.
Chapter 1: Introduction to the problem or issue.
Of the problem or issue..
The general objective of this work is to examine whether high levels of vitamin C alone can solve the problem of mental illness in general, especially people. (Allergic) Allergy mental illness is a major problem in society and the growing body of evidence indicates that nutrition therapy can be partially or completely resolve the problem. Many nutrients affect the mind. Health and the immune system and is now known that the central nervous system. (CNS) and immune system are closely linked. Immune system play a role in controlling feeding behavior. Sleep, body temperature and brain function. (Steinman, 2004), as later histamine involvement in all the activities discussed above.
A group of peptide hormones. Interleukins as a prime example of the known CNS / contact of the immune system. For example, if the hormone immune "IL -. 2 is normal, it to produce as schizophrenia "(Heleniak & O'Desky, 1999, p.40) release of hormones, immune system -.. 1 beta interleukin (IL - 1b) can be depression, . Lead Learned helplessness and pain-related behavior. (Hurwitz and Morgenstern, 2001) Interleukins a subclass of immune system hormones. called cytokines, cytokines may loss of appetite to act. Dizziness, sleep increased. Drowsiness and fatigue. known (Martin, 1997) A group of cytokines. Interferons (IFN) in usually for a severe infection or cancer. IFN use is with depression, combined. Insomnia, delirium, and even suicide. (McDonald, Mann, & Thomas, 1987) also showed that many of the responses of normal white blood cell growth factor in the depression of the same type killer cell activity (NK) (Kagaya & Yamawaki. 1998).
To understand the relationship between mental health and the immune system temporarily. Any explanation of the hormone is required. Steroid hormones, which are derived from cholesterol, hormones, peptides. From the synthesis of proteins and amino acids. -: There are three main types of hormones. Hormone seven amino acids of crucial Importance of hormone. Such as serotonin, norepinephrine. (Also called activation. Noradrenaline), epinephrine (called a kick). Dopamine, acetylcholine, gamma acid, butyric acid - Amino acid (GABA) and histamine. These last seven amino acid hormone HC Star will be the focus of this work. The reason for this is that histamine. Is unique among the amino acids because the hormone has an important role in both mental status and the status of the immune system. Adrenaline and noradrenaline. Play a role in certain immune system function. But unlike the Role of histamine, they tend to positive in normal subjects. But depression often have a higher adrenaline and noradrenaline steroid hormone cortisol. (Martin, 1997) This phenomenon was in detail described below. Another four amino acids, hormones have little or no role in the immune status
Histamine has many effects on the body since the mysterious death. These effects are described in detail in this paper. Effects of histamine complex through positive and negative. Depending on the type of cells that released it. As mentioned above, known as histamine and the nervous and immune system modulator. Neurones release of histamine neurons. And immune cell modulator histamine release at cell towers, though a few others. to keep children immune cells histamine histamine histamine were both nervous and cell towers. Brain neurotransmitters - are histamine act both positively and negatively Poles, while the histamine cells usually do. (Illness / death) is negative
in the rat brain is to be found. Sao histamine release during cell stress. (Arrigo - Reina & Chiechio, 1998) Histamine in the brain play a role as physical. Dependence and tolerance to morphine. (Glick and Crane, 1978) a further Evidence for this phenomenon comes from the combination. Antihistamine / opioid substitution treatment of heroin (Gálosi et al., 2001). Another is to find for love histamine nerve tends to decrease with age, while the brain cells Sao histamine increases with age. (Fernandez - Cacabelos & Novoa, 2001) histamine in normal physiological Role is useful. But histamine is a high degree of pathology. (Subramanian, Nandi, Majumber and Chatterjee, 1974) to histamine in the blood can increase to the overall mortality. 24% (Johnston, 1996).
Raising histamine brain with behavioral inhibition and accumulation associated. (Gálosi et al., 2001) lack of motivation can lead to apathy and depression. Another of the many functions of the brain, histamine is a subtle reminder. The local administration of histamine is. Animal forebrain for anxiety. (Et al Blandina., 2004), but inhibit histamine can also save both the facilitation and memory (Et al Blandina., 2004), especially histamine. Tends to increase short-term memory. (Prast, Argyriou and Philippu, 1996), while the memory can affect long-term interest rates, facilitates memory retrieval in old rats histamine. (Kamei & Tasaka, 1993).
It is known that histamine in allergic reactions and inflammation are involved. (Haas, 1992) a detailed description of this effect. In the introductory section of Chapter 2 There is strong evidence of an association between mental disorders and suggest allergies. "A study of patients with chronic depression and was exhausted. Up to 70 percent suffered from allergies. --- With 2 percent of the health surveillance "(Firshein compared. 1996, p. 160) and another study found that" have 85% of depressed patients. Up "(Ossofsky, 1976, p.335) histamine can Cause depression and this behavior can be reversed as a result. Antihistamine of tricyclic antidepressants (Arrigo - Reina & Chiechio, 1998), tricyclics with the others. In neurotransmission as well.
It is known that allergies and asthma is associated with a very The significance of the study showed that children with serious problems with asthma were significantly more behavior (Bussing, Halforn, Benjamin Wells, 1995) Children with asthma start four years ago. Rather fear the sleep and depression. (Mrazek, Schuman, & Klinnert, 1998) On the other hand, the psychosocial stress may precipitate asthma (Kilpeläinen, Koskenvuo, Helenius and Terho, 2002), a Vicious circle. Interestingly, behavioral problems often prevent asthma in children. (Stevenson et al., 2003) The relationship between allergic asthma. / Problems and behavioral disorders can as early as age three. (Alam et al., 2003).
Background and history.
Application. Nutritional treatment of mental illness began in the second half of the century. DRS 20 with Abram Hoffer and Carl Pfeiffer, it recognized that the level of histamine lowers blood pressure in the past. 50% of patients with schizophrenia and designed to keep the nutritional value for them. (Petrie & House, 1985), but schizophrenics. Many take advantage of histamine. Standard orthomolecular. Maintaining a high level of histamine, calcium, magnesium. Methionine and zinc, it is known that vitamin C was. Detoxifies histamine on the divisions of the Group. Imidazole (Subramanian, some 1977) Unfortunately, vitamin C is not the main problem in advanced histamine and medicine suggest that relatively low. 2000 mg per day. low In fact, histamine. Treated with a higher content of vitamins. C (Edelman, 1998).
Actions of histamine has been studied in humans and animals. Histamine injected into the animal brain. Symptoms caused by a variety of light behavior, including anger. The teeth chattering, grooming,. Facial tremors shook head chewing, yawning. Writhing and salivation (Glick and Crane, 1978) as indicated in the previous section. tricyclic antidepressants. Were reversed in the past to make. Histamine - depression caused by the action of the antihistamine. Say their classical antihistamines. It is known to reduce anxiety in this "anti. Anti-receptor H1 and H3 receptor status anxiety reduction "(Ito. 2000, p.263) can also reduce anxiety tricyclic. Antidepressants (tricylics most effective. Antihistamine strong).
Sorry. tricyclic antidepressants. A variety of side effects, some that. Resulting in death (Wilson, Shannon & Stang. 2000) tricyclic antidepressants. It may in the official "first generation" antihistamines are classified by overcoming the blood-brain barrier. The side effects of antihistamines. The first version includes dry mouth, drowsiness. The anxiety and lethargy (Edelman. 1997) one of the most notorious side effects. Of antihistamines. First is the weight added. (Tuomisto, 1994), chronic use of antihistamines. The first version, it caused the loss of memory. (Mark & Mark, 1989) except for the first-generation antihistamines. Tricyclics are also used to treat mental disorders, particularly panic disorders.
Antihistamine. The most common in the past for fear. Is Hydroxyzine (Atarax), drowsiness as a side effect reported most frequently. (Loaders & Scotto, 1998) Over - the - counter antihistamines. The first version has been misused for many. Reasons, including a phantom that fear. - Reduce and / or the feeling elated. (Halpert, Olmstead & Beninger, 2002) antihistamine diphenhydramine (Nytol, Benadryl) have been reported as of the pre-school age youths abused. (Dinndorf, McCabe & Frier You, 1998).
Due to problems with the above. Older antihistamines are trying to design a pharmaceutical company. Antihistamines. The new generation does not cross the blood-brain barrier and are therefore not likely. CNS side effects, or brain. Antihistamines in late 1980. The first prototype of the two compounds. Because of the structure. Antihistamines. The second generation has more than older antihistamines such as water, the second-generation antihistamines. Did not the blood-brain barrier in the lipid levels of meaning and therefore do not cause sedation in the majority. They have not the release. Anticholinergics. cause of the older antihistamines, which dry mouth and thick mucus secretions can. (Wray, 1998; Pan, 1999).
Although Antihistamines. The second generation had its share of side effects. Include drowsiness, sedation. Headaches, depression, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, low blood pressure, high blood pressure. Palpitations, tachycardia, blurred vision, vomiting and skin rashes. (Wilson, Shannon and Stang, 2000) antihistamines. The second generation also produces changes in brain function that can be characterized as. (Fernandez - Cacabelos & Novoa, 2001), a second generation antihistamine, fexofenadine (Allegra) . Cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation, and "withdrawn from the market in many countries have been" (Taglialatela. Timmerman and Annunziato, 2000, p.53) Second - generation antihistamines cetirizine (Zyrtec) and loratadine (Claritin) have shown, result in loss of memory. (Nishiga, Fujii, Konishi, Hoss, Chiaki & 2003), both before and antihistamines. The second generation can cause seizures. (Taglialatela, Timmerman & Annunziato, 2000).
Questions.
The main difference up at the beginning of the background and history. (With low vitamin C in the treatment of histamine levels) may be unique, the treatment of schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the historical research that shows no other form. has mental illness in the diet and mental illness interested Modern Research has investigated the vitamin C level is quite theoretical. And it was found that vitamin C is a different kind of behavior and mental health effects. It is the aim of this work is to various applications for the vitamin C to introduce various mental health problems increase due to new information and re-evaluation of historical research.
Assumptions.
Size of vitamin C can reduce or reverse most mental disorders, especially allergies
The importance of education.
The treatment of mental disorders with drug dependence can be harmful to patients. More than half the main medicines used to treat anxiety and depression have side effects that may be fatal. (Jensen, 2002) antihistamines. Many drugs have side effects some of which appear in the background and history of the chapter. It would be a great success if one or more important nutrients that are used safely be successful and help to most forms of mental illness, and if this information is accepted. by current health care. The potential impact this study include the use of vitamin C as an adjuvant together with other nutrients. Or, the holistic treatment of mental diseases in different potential. The benefits of such use of vitamin C, possibly in a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality of the use of prescription drugs and have run a resolution of psychotic symptoms.
Definitions..
Variables in this study as well as various to use forms of mental illness, though, this study attempts a holistic approach to treatment of the mind. Disease and diagnosis will be discussed only when necessary understand better the problem at hand is. It is unusually large number of study will be presented. Vitamin C is. Term used to molecules Asset Corporation . Describe If vitamin C, ascorbic acid sodium or calcium or dehydroascorbate. A special mention or recommend, and then these words will be used instead. Vitamin C have different hormones and proteins that are named in a study, often with their abbreviations. If the hormone or protein, Ph.D. thesis, it is always short. Introduced with the full name and the initials of it since then. List of abbreviations and their meanings along the bottom.
AA arachidonic acid (Vorläufer. Prostaglandins).
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH.
ADD Attention Deficit Disorder.
Lack of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADHD students. - Abnormality
Between the antigens and allergens.
Receiver enemy guard.
Presynaptic axon nerve endings.
Neurotrophins BDNF Brain - derived.
Calcium Ca2 + ions.
Cam calmodulin.
K CAM calmodulin kinases.
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
CNS central nervous system.
Elements of cAMP CREB Binding Protein Response.
CRH Corticotropin - hormone secretion.
Cu2 + Copper Ion
Cytosol fluid in the cells and cells of the majority of the volume of normal cells.
Diacylglycerol DAG.
Dehydroascorbate completely oxidized vitamin C.
Postsynaptic Dendrite nerve endings.
DGLA dihomo - fatty acid gamma.
DNA-DNA
GABA Gamma - aminobutyric acid. Acid
5 - HT 5 hydroxytryptamine -; serotonin.
Histamine H
Histaminemia. Histamine and elevated blood levels. And / or tissue
Axis hypothalamus - HPA - pituitary adrenal. Axis
IFN interferons.
IgE immunoglobulin E (anti-allergy antibodies).
IL - Interleukin 1B Beta -1.
IP3 inositol triphosphate.
Kinase protein that transfers phosphate groups to other proteins or small molecules.
Fat in the blood lipids
Limited. Long-term depression. (Nerve activity).
LTP Long-term potentiation (nerve activity).
MAP2 microtubule - associated Protein 2
mRNA messenger ribonucleic acid.
NK cells, natural killer cells.
NMDA N - methyl. - D - aspartate.
Paracrine actions local hormones.
PLC phospholipase C.
PGE1 Prostaglandin E1.
Prostaglandin PGF2a GF2a.
PIP2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5 - bisphosphate.
PKA protein kinase.
PKC protein kinase C.
PRL prolactin.
SAME S - adenosylmethionine.
Synapse between nerve cells in the cell.
Th1 T - helper 1 immune response of the immune response to microbial classic
Th2 T - helper 2 immune response; Classic "loss" of the immune response. IgE - mediated with allergens.
Copy. RNA from DNA template.
Expression of the protein translation from mRNA.
Vitamin C, Vitamin C Asset core.
Conclusion.
The main problem in this thesis is whether vitamin C significantly less capable of mental illnesses associated caused by histamine. Aggregates from different batches were successfully used in solving the problem of mental illness. (Edelman, 1998), but no literature does not show that vitamin C used as the main line of nutritional therapy for type of mental illness, the other antihistamine. The effect of vitamin C is not effective. Used in the past, the majority of the regular or alternative work. On the other hand, the fact that small amounts of vitamin C can release Histamine was used. The treatment of schizophrenic patients with a low false histamine. Unfortunately, the workers are not high with this drug therapy for treatment of vitamin C, schizophrenics with high histamine levels assume this because they believe that the amount of vitamin C supplements histamine release can do more, and they may not know Vitamin C and antihistamine effects on the size of several grams per day. .
There are many indications in support of the many contacts between the Brain and the immune system. The amount of the hormone can cause immune disorders and mental illness and / or depression (Heleniak and & O'Desky 1999. Hurwitz & Morgenstern, 2001) of the amino acid hormone that has both. Neurotransmitters and immune modulators, histamine by far the most important. It has been suggested that histamine participation from mental illness. (Pfeiffer, 1987), and it must demonstrate histamine. Rider activation of immune disorders. / Over-reactions (Haas, 1992) is in agreement with previous data show the genetic basis of schizophrenia symptoms seem to have a genetic basis. Histamine in part to mental health related (Brown, Stevens & Haas, 2001) theory of schizophrenia is that the blood-brain barrier to the unwanted molecules is impaired. Brain Histamine has been shown that the blood-brain barrier to destroy it. (Greenwood, 1991) in the last ten years much research has acted as a classic stress-related "fight or flight". Histamine response was found to be important promoters of this abnormal reaction will be. (Johnston, Retrum and Srilaskshmi, 1992).
Histamine, a variety of behavioral problems in humans and animals, and some of these diseases can be reversed by antihistamine drugs (Charger & Scotto, 1998) Unfortunately, drug antihistamines. Side effects to die and many more dangerous. (Wilson, Shannon & Stang, 2000) While the two versions of the drug safety. Antihistamines. The proportion of side effects (Wilson. Shannon & Stang, 2000), from antihistamines. The second generation does not cross the blood-brain barrier, where they can not. Is used to treat schizophrenia. Vitamin C is a potential impact. Antihistamine, not the blood-brain barrier and has no serious side effects, if any. In addition, both small. And epidemiology. The Evidence that vitamin C improves mental health (Mark & Mark, 1989, Balch & Balch, 1997; Brody, 2002) It would seem from the above data suggest that vitamin C supplements should in any regime of the treatment of schizophrenia are included
About the Author
Dr. Jensen is both a consultant and author in the BioMedical and Nutrition fields. He has previously written a book on both topics, The Failures of American Medicine, published in 2002. Dr. Jensen has also written a doctoral dissertation on how Vitamin C can reduce stress and allergies via its antihistamine effect. He has worked in a broad range of BioMedical fields, such as gene regulation, cancer research, and HIV vaccine development. However, Dr. Jensen eventually decided that helping people more directly would be more rewarding for everyone involved. He has since helped clients with dozens of different ailments. Dr. Jensen is a practitioner in the field of Metabolic Typing, which characterizes different biochemistries among people based on certain physical and behavioral traits they have.
You can contact Dr. Jensen at 1-800-390-5365, or mail him at drjensen@individualizednutrition.com.
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